56 Pages, Chapter 1-5
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The antibacterial activity of six branded medicated soap (Tura, Tetmosol, Crusader, Caris, Delta, and Smooth and Clear) against bacteria present on the skin of asymptomatic health workers.100 sample were collected from some of the body part (face, hand, armpit, groin and leg) of 20 asymptomatic health workers. Sterile swab sticks were used to swab these sites. Each swab stick was streaked separately over plates of blood agar and MacConkey agar and later incubated at 370c. Out of the 100 samples collected, 39(47%) were isolated with Staphylococcus aureus followed by Klebsiella spp 20(24.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17(20.7%), Escherichia coli 3(3.7%), Proteus spp 2(2.4%) and least was Enteococcus faecalis (1.2%). The study also reveals that out of the six medicated soaps that were investigated, two showed definite antibacterial effect (Crusader and Tura) while the remaining soaps showed no activity. Gram positive bacteria isolated were the most inhibited organism. Crusader soap inhibited Enterococcus faecalis most (30mm) while Tura soap inhibited most (21.2mm). The microorganisms isolated were also sensitive to commercial antibiotic. Ofloxacin and Gentamicin demonstrated good activity against both gram positive and gram negative organism while Amoxicillin was found to be least susceptible. The result showed that these two medicated soaps (Crusader and Tura) were effective against the entire microorganisms isolated. It is obvious that this antibacterial soaps have the anti-bacterial ingredients that can either kill or inhibit the bacterial cell. Therefore two medicated soaps can be used in cleaning the skin particularly in the affected part of the skin.
Word count: 247
Keyword: medicated soap, Asymptomatic, MacConkey agar, Inhibitory effect, Antibacterial
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
CHAPTER TWO: Literature review
2.0 The skin
2.1. Skin microbiota
2.1.1. Staphylococcus aureus
2.1.2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2.1.3 Enterococcus faecalis
2.1.4. Proteus spp
2.1.5. Klebsiella spp
2.1.6. Escherichia coli
2.2. Soap (non-antimicrobial)
2.3. Antimicrobial soap
2.3.0. Ingredients
2.4. Medical relevance of antimicrobial soap
2.5. Factors to consider when selecting skin hygiene product
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and method
3.1 Study area
3.2 Sample area and size 3.3 Collection of swabs and isolation of microorganisms 3.4 Sterilization techniques
3.5 Collection of medicated soap and treatment 3.6. Preparation and impregnation with soap
3.6.1 Disc diffusion method
3.6.2 Agar well diffusion method
3.7 Macroscopic microscopic analysis of isolates
3.8 Biochemical analysis of the isolates
3.8.1 Gram staining
3.8.2 Coagulase test
3.8.3 Catalase test
3.8.4 Citrate test using Simmon’s citrate agar
3.8.5 Oxidase test
3.8.6 Urease test
3.8.7 Indole test
3.9. Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration test
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1. Discussion
5.2. Conclusion
References
Appendix
LIST OF TABLES
1 Biochemical summary of isolates
2 Distribution of bacteria associated with asymptomatic health workers.
3 Number of bacteria per skin part of the asymptomatic workers
4 Representation of antibacterial effects of the medicated soaps against isolated skin bacteria flora using agar disc diffusion method
5 Representation of antibacterial effects of the medicated soaps against isolated skin bacteria flora using agar well diffusion method
6 A comparative study of disc diffusion method and agar well method Used for testing some selected medicated soaps
7 Minimum inhibitory concentration of the tested medicated soaps
8 Minimum bactericidal concentration of the tested medicated soaps
9 MBC / MIC ratio of the tested medicated soaps
10 Antibiotics sensitivity pattern of bacteria skin flora from the skin of asymptomatic health workers
11 Antibiotics resistance pattern of bacteria skin flora from the skin of asymptomatic health workers
