35 Pages, Chapter 1-5
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In this study it aims to determine the effect of pH on the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose. The cellulose powder was carboxymethylated for single step process for three times successively with varied pH and reaction time. The degree of substitution obtained was 0.14 at pH 8 and it was observed that the DS value decreased with increase in pH. Carboxymethylation improved the free swelling capacity of the cellulose at different pH which may be attributed to the structural disintegration within the granules of cellulose during modification. Furthermore, the FT-IR analysis indicated that carboxymethyl functional groups in carboxymethylated cellulose have increased during modification. Conclusively, the obtained results in this study due to the gelation studies showed that the product is recommended for pharmaceutical applications and food additives in industries.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Cellulose
1.2 Structure of cellulose
1.3 Derivatives of cellulose
1.4 Reactions of cellulose
1.5 Etherification Reaction
1.6 Carboxymethyl cellulose
1.7 Process description
1.8 Uses of carboxymethyl cellulose
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Degree of substitution
2.2 Aims and objectives
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and methods
3.1 Raw materials
3.2 Apparatus
3.3 Preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose with variation of pH
3.4 Determination of moisture content
3.5 Determination of degree of substitution of carboxy methyl cellulose
3.6 Determination of free swelling capacity
3.7 Gelation studies
3.8 I.R analysis
CHAPTER THREE
Results and discussion
4.0 Moisture content
4.1 Degree of substitution determination
4.2 Free swelling capacity
4.3 Gelation studies
4.4 Infrared Spectra
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
Graphical representation of infrared spectrum of carboxymethyl cellulose