ABSTRACT
Silver nanoparticles have found tremendous applications in the field of high sensitivity biomolecular detection and diagnosis, antimicrobials and therapeutics, catalysis and microelectronics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesize by using Enantia chlorathia. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha revealed the presence of saponins, reducing sugar, alkaloids, caridiac glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. Enantia chlorathia methane extract showed high antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli but no activity was recorded for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus substilis. Hexane extract showed high antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp. while no antibacterial activity was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Acetone showed high antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Also, the organism were susceptible to antibiotics and with Bacillus substilis having a higher zone of inhibition using augmentin of 28.00mm, Escherichia coli, having a higher zone of inhibition using augmentin 25.00mm staphylococcus aureus having a higher zone of inhibition using agmentin 25.00mm, pseudomonas aeruginosa having a higher zone of inhibition with augmentin 20.00mm and salmonella typhi having a higher zone of inhibition with streptomycin 22.00mm. The Silver nanoparticle showed a higher antibacterial effect against the human pathogens. From the research, an increasing attention towards utilization of plant extract of nanoparticles synthesis lead to the development of environment-friendly techniques.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Justification of the Study
1.4 Aim of the Study
1.5 Objectives of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 Enantia chlorantha
2.2 Traditional uses
2.3 Reported phytoconstituents
2.4 Antimicrobial and antibacterial activity of Enantia chlorantha
2.5 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
2.6 Silver Nanoparticles in Plants
2.6.1 Accumulation
2.6.2 Toxicity and Tolerance
2.7 Biological activities of silver nanoparticles
2.7.1 Antibacterial activity of Silver Nanoparticles
2.7.2 Antifungal activity
2.7.3 Antiviral activity
2.7.4 Anticancer activity
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods
3.1 Collection of Plant Materials
3.2 Preparation of Extract
3.3 Phytochemical Screening
3.3.1 Test for Tannins
3.3.2 Test for Flavonoids
3.3.3 Test for Saponins
3.3.4 Test for Cardiac Glycosides
3.3.5 Test for Alkaloids
3.3.6 Test for Phenols
3.4 Bio-Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Extract of Enantia chlorantha
3.5 Antibacterial activity of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
3.6 Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
References
