ABSTRACT
Inspite of evident benefits of poultry farming, it is reported to constitute environmental and health risk through water pollution, especially in situations where poultry wastes are not properly managed. This study investigated the microbial pollution of ground water within the vicinity of poultry farm.
A total of eight (8) samples were collected from four different sites and used for analysis in this study. Isolations were done by pour plate method using selective agar (Eosin methylene blue agar, Xylose lysine deoxychocolate Agar and MacConkey agar by Oxoid). Total coliform and viable count were determined by pour plate method in Macconkey and Nutrient agar respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility was done using disc diffusion method using five antibiotics; amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, oyytetracyclin and ceftazidim.
A total of 32 isolates were obtained from the poultry water source. Total coliform count of the samples ranged from 5.0 x 105 cfu/ml to 12.5 x 105 cfu/ml while total viable count of the samples ranged from 1.12 x 107 cfu/ml to 2.50 x 107 cfu/ml.
The result showed the poultry farm water sources habour microorganisms such as Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility test reviewed 100% sensitivity to oxytetracycline closely followed by ciprofloxacin (81.3%). The organism were resistant to streptomycin (68.8%), followed by ceftazidim (62.5%) and amoxicillin (50%). There is need for proper monitoring of hygiene and antimicrobial usage in poultry farms in order to curb spread of resistance as a result of poultry activities in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objective of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 Water Pollution from Poultry Farm
2.2 Occurrence of Pathogens in Water Resources
2.3 Drinking Water Treatment Techniques for Agricultural Manure Contaminants
2.4 Drinking Water Treatment Techniques
2.5 Reports on State of Poultry Farms in Nigeria
2.6 Impact of Poultry Farms on Water in Its Environment
2.7 Hygiene State of Poultry Farms in Nigeria
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods
3.1 Selection of Sampling Area
3.2 Collection of Samples
3.3 Materials and Apparatus Used
3.4 Sterilization of Glassware
3.5 Media Preparation
3.6 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria
3.7 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolated
3.7.1 Gram Staining Techniques
3.7.2 Catalase Test
3.7.3 Citrate Utilisation Test
3.7.4 Urease Test
3.7.5 Indole Test
3.8 Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Using Diffusion Method
3.9 Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances
CHAPTER FOUR: Results
4.1 The Percentage and Occurrence of Bacteria in Poultry Water Sample
4.2 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolated Bacteria
4.3 Total Coliform Count of Sampled Water
4.4 Total Viable Count of Sampled Water
4.5 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion
References
