This study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from solid waste dumpsite. A total of 4 samples were analysed for the presence of bacteria. The isolation of organisms was done by pour plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar. Total coliform count was determined by pour plate method on MacConkey agar plates. The isolates were identified and characterised using conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using four antibiotics: gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and ceftriazone by disc diffusion method. A total of 18 isolates belonging to 6 genera (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp.) were isolated from the solid waste dumpsite. The total viable count ranged from 1.6 x 108 to 3.1 x 108 Cfu/ml. The total coliform count ranged from 1.0 x 107 to 2.6 x 107 Cfu/ml. Resistance to test antibiotics ranged from 22% to 89%. Majority of the isolates were susceptible to gentamycin. These outcomes showed that people living around dumpsite environment are at great risk because of the possibility of antibiotic resistant organism contaminating the environment as surface water.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Aim of the Study
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Justification of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 Municipal Solid Waste
2.2 Municipal Solid Waste Management
2.3 Antibiotic Resistance
2.3.1 Emergence of Resistance
2.4 Problems of Antibiotic Resistance
2.5 Specific Mechanisms of Resistance
2.5.1 Staphylococcus aureus
2.5.2 Escherichia coli
2.5.3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2.6 Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method
3.0 Description of Study Area
3.1 Sample Collection
3.2 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques
3.3 Instrument and Glassware
3.4 Media Used
3.5 Isolation of Microorganism
3.6 Identification of Bacteria Isolates
3.6.1 Morphological Characteristics
3.7 Identification and Characterization of Microorganisms
3.7.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining
3.7.2 Catalase Test
3.7.3 Oxidase Test
3.7.4 Citrate Utilisation Test
3.7.5 Urease Test
3.7.6 Indole Test
3.7.7 Kligler Iron Agar (KIA)
3.8 Determination of Microbial Load of Sample
3.8.1 Total Coliform Count
3.8.2 Total Viable Count
3.9 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test
3.10 Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances
CHAPTER FOUR: Results
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and conclusion
References
Appendix: Resistance pattern of isolates to test antibiotics
LIST OF TABLES
4.1 Isolation Rate of Bacteria
4.2 Morphological Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates
4.3 Biochemical Characteristics of bacterial Isolates
4.4 Mean Total Viable Count of Solid Waste Dumpsite
LIST OF FIGURE
1 antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates
