ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS’ WELLS IN OGUN STATE.

The significance of Escherichia coli as an indicator of water contamination is well established. The isolation and antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli present in well water located within public primary schools was carried out using standard microbiological methods. Isolation was done by spread plate method on Eosin methylene blue agar. The total coliform count and viable countof the samples were done by pour plate method on MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar plates respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to eight (8) antibiotics was done using disc diffusion method.A total of 40 Escherichia coli were isolated. Total coliform count of the water samples ranged from 0.92 × 10³ CFU/ml to 2.89 × 10³ CFU/ml and the total viable count of the water samples ranged from 0.50 × 10³ CFU/ml to 2.34 × 10³CFU/ml. Isolates showed varying degree of resistance the highest being Ampicillin 87.5%, Amoxicillin 54.7%, Nalidixic acid 51.5%, Streptomycin 15.5%, Chloramphenicol 75.5%, Tetracycline 62.5%. 15 of the well water isolates were found to be multidrug resistance (MDR). These result shows that the sampled well water served as reservoir of Escherichia coli which is of great consequences to public health, especially the school children.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction

1.1       Background to the study

1.2       Aim of the study

1.3       Objectives of the study

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review

2.1       Escherichia coli

2.1.1    Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC)

2.1.2    EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli (EAEC)

2.1.3    EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC)

2.1.4    EnteroinvasiveEscherichia coli (EIEC)

2.1.5    EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli (EPEC)

2.1.6    EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (ETEC)

2.2       Sources of Escherichia coli

2.3       Disease caused by Escherichia coli

2.4       Significance of Escherichiacoli in drinking water

2.5       Sources of water

2.5.1    Surface Water

2.5.2    Ground Water

2.5.3    Uses of Water

2.6       Water contaminant

2.6.1    Well water characteristics and contamination

2.6.2    Contaminants

2.7       Thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria

2.8       Coliform bacteria (Total coliform)

2.9       Effect of Temperature on drinking water quality

2.10     Effect of pH on drinking water quality

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method

3.1       Selection of sampling area

3.2       Collection of samples

3.3       Material and apparatus used

3.4       Sterilization of glassware’s

3.5       Media used

3.6       Media preparation

3.7       Determination of microbial load

3.8       Isolation of Escherichia coli

3.9       Purification of isolates

3.10     Identification and characterization of Escherichia coli

3.10.1  Microscopic identification of bacteria isolates

3.10.2 Catalase test

3.10.3 Oxidase test

3.10.4 Citrate utilization test

3.10.5 Urase test

3.10.6 Indole test

3.10.7 Motility test

3.10.8 Vogesproskauer test

3.10.9 Methyl red test

3.11 Antibiotic susceptibility test

3.12 Preparation of inoculum

3.13 Determination of multiple antibiotic resistances

CHAPTER FOUR: Result

4.1       Observations made on sites

4.2       Frequency and percentage of occurrence of Escherichia coli from well water samples

4.3       Morphological and biochemical characteristics of Escherichia coli

4.4       Total coliform count

4.5       Total viable count

4.6       Antimicrobial susceptibility testing

CHAPTER FIVE

Discussion

Conclusion

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