ABSTRACT
Prevalence of oral diseases is easier than cure and the widespread use of mouth washes as an aid to oral hygience is relatively recent phenomenon. This study investigate the antibacterial effect of mouthwash on microorganism associated with tooth decay. One hundred dental plaque swab samples were collected from patients with dental caries in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital for standard bacteriological analysis. A total number of one hundred and twelve bacteria belonging to four genera were isolated. The isolated organism include; staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp, Escherichia coli spp and Streptococcus mutans. The percentage occurrence of the isolated bacteria showed Pseudomonas spp. had the highest percentage occurrence with 86 (76.8%), followed by Escherichia coli 13 (11.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 11(9.8%). The least percentage occurrence was Streptococcus mutans with 2(1.7%). The least percentage occurrence was Streptococcus mutan with 2(1.7%). However, all the isolated bacteria in this study were resistant to Listerine mouthwash except Streptococcus mutans at 50mg and 100mg concentration. The isolates were later tested against Vancomycin, Ampicillin and Gentamycin. Gentamycin showed a clear zone of 15mm, 21mm, 25mm and 13mm on Pseudomonas spp., staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutan respectively. It is concluded that Listerine can be effective against Streptococcus mutans. However, it is wise to consult a health-care professional in situations in which the appropriateness of the mouth rinse is questioned. It is recommended that people battling tooth decay should turn away from self-medication by using mouth rinse.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 Aim of the Study
1.3.2 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 Human Tooth Decay: Dental Caries
2.2 Types Caries
2.2.1 Primary Caries
2.2.2 Secondary Caries
2.3 Microorganisms Associated with Tooth Decay
2.3.1 Mutans streptococci
2.3.2 Lactobacilli
2.3.3 Enterococcus spp.
2.3.4 Staphylococcus aureus
2.3.5 Actinomycetes
2.4 Risk Factors Associated with Tooth Decay
2.4.1 Microbiological
2.4.2 Diet
2.4.3 Socio-economic
2.4.4 Signs and symptoms of dental caries
2.4 Diagnosis of Dental Caries
2.5 Treatment
2.5.1 Tooth remineralization
2.5.2 Dental restoration
2.5.3 Tooth extraction
2.6 Prevention and control of Tooth Decay
2.6.1 Oral hygiene
2.6.2 Dietary modification
2.6.3 Calcium and fluoride
2.7 Composition of Mouthwashes
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods
3.1 Collection of Samples
3.2 Sterilization of materials
3.3 Preparation of Media
3.4 Microbial Analysis of Samples
3.5 Characterization of Microorganisms
3.5.1 Characterization of Bacterial Culture
3.6 Gram Staining
3.7 Biochemical Tests
3.8 Antibacterial activity
3.8.1 Determination of antibacterial activities of mouth wash
3.8.2 Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration
3.8.3 Antibiotics sensitivity test
CHAPTER FOUR: Results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Appendices
