MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN WATER BOTTLE

MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN WATER BOTTLE

Project Details

MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN WATER BOTTLE


43 Pages, Chapter 1-5
MS Word

08062235854

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Description

Water is of paramount importance in our home, for drinking, washing, bathing, cooking and so on. It is also used for recreational activities, transportation and also acts as a solvent which helps in dissolving some polar molecules. The degree of the contaminated water is from a polluted source or the water is located in a septic environment or was handled by a contaminated person. Adequate access to hygienic water needs to be provided for school children but due to lack of government intervention, many parents prefer their wards to take water to school with water bottle from home. The study was carried out to determine the microbial contamination in public primary school children water bottles in Ago-Iwoye, Ijebu-North Local Government, Ogun State Nigeria.Forty school children water bottle were samples. Sterile swab stick were used to rub the mouth part, cover lid of  the bottles  and 20mls of water contained in the water bottle were obtained for the analysis. All these were cultured in the laboratory microbiologically using Nutrient Agar, MacConkey Agar, Blood Agar, Cetrimide Agar and Sabouroid Dextrose Agar. The bacterial isolates from the study were examined and identified biochemically by standard bacteriological methods. The fungal isolates were identified by their colonial morphology and microscopic characteristics. The total number and percentage of occurrence of isolated bacterial organisms were Staphylococcus aureus4(10.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa2(5.3%), Escherichia coli 6(15.8%), Bacillus spp. 4(10.5%), Salmonella enterica4(10.5%), Vibrocholerae 3(7.9%), Shigella spp. 4(10.5%), Streptococcus faecalis 3(7.9%), Enterococcus spp. 2(5.3%), Streptococcus epidermidis2(5.3%), Streptococcus pyogenes1(2.6%), Klebsiellapneumoniae1(2.6%).Nine fungal isolates were isolated and presented as follows: Aspergillusflavus1(11.11%), Aspergillusniger2(22.22%), Penicillium sp. 2(22.22%), Fusarium sp. 1(11.11), Candidaalbican 2(22.22) and molds 1(11.11%).The study clearly revealed that most of the water bottle sampled for microbial contamination carried pathogenic bacterial and fungal. This result indicate that the school children can easily be infected since they posses inadequate immunity. Contamination might be as a result of sharing the water bottle among themselves because some of them might have mouth infection.If government can provide potable water in every primary school, that will reduce the risk of bringing contaminated water from their homes.Parent should take proper care of their children’s water bottle and Teachers and Proprietress should give hygienic education to school children on how to keep and take care of their water bottle themselves.

Keywords: Microbial contamination, Water Bottle, Hygienic water, School children.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

1.2       Aim and Objectives

1.3       Justification

1.4       Significance of the Study

CHAPTER TWO: LITEARTURE REVIEW

2.1       Concept of Water

2.2       The Relationship between Water and Education

2.3       Water-Borne Diseases

2.4       Classification of Water Borne Diseases

2.5       Transmission of Water-Borne Diseases

2.6       Effects of water-borne diseases

2.7       Prevention of water-borne diseases

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1       Study Areas

3.2       Collection of Samples

3.3       Sterilization of Materials

3.4a     Culture

3.4b     Serial Dilution

3.5       Identification of the Isolates

3.6       Gram Staining Method

3.7       Catalase Test

3.8       Coagulase Test

3.9       Oxidase Test

3.10     Indole Test (Kovac’s Reagent)

3.11     Urease Test

3.12     Citrate Utilization test (Citrate Test)

3.13     Methyl Red Test

3.14     VogesProskauer Test

3.15     Starch Hydrolysis

3.16     Triple Sugar Iron (Sugar Fermentation)

3.17     Microbiological Analysis of the Water Sample

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

Result

CHAPTER FIVE

Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1       Discussion

5.2       Conclusion

5.3       Recommendation

References

Appendix

Amenities

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