ABSTRACT
Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside the host plant tissues which have novel metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities against different pathogens. This study was carried out to examine the antimicrobial properties of endophytes of Phyllanthus amarus on selected pathogenic bacteria. Seventeen (17) endophytic bacteria and fungi were isolated from the leave of Phyllanthus amarus. The isolated endophytic bacteria were Pseudomonas spp. (n=3), Staphylococcus aereus (n=3), Klebsiella spp. (n=3) and Bacillus spp. (n=2).The isolated endophictic fungi were Aspergillus niger (n=1), Penicillum roqueforti (n-1), Fusarium oxysporus (n=1), Aspergillus flavus (n=1), Aspergillus fumigatus (n=1) and Aspergillus clavatus (n=1). Bacillus sp. exhibited higher activity against the tests organisms (100%), followed by Fusarium oxysporum (60%), Apsergillus clavatus (60%), Aspergillus niger (60%), Aspergillus fumigatus (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (40%) and Pseudomonas sp. (40%), Penicillum roqueforti (40%) and Klebsiella spp. (20%). Studying the endophytic population is something important due to it biotechnological application, because it has great potential against resistant pathogens.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Statement of Problem
1.3 Justification of the Study
1.4 Aim of the Study
1.5 Objectives of the Study
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1 Description and Benefits of Phyllanthus amarus
2.1.1 Phytochemical constituents
2.1.3 Pharmacological studies
2.2 Endophytes Microbes
2.2.1 Bacterial Endophytes
2.2.2 Fungi Endophytes
2.2.3 Relationship between plant and endophyte
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods
3.1 Collection and Identification of Samples
3.2 Materials and Apparatus
3.3 Media Preparation
3.4 Preparation of Phyllanthus amarus leaves
3.5 Morphological Characterization
3.6 Biochemical Test
3.6.1 Catalase Test
3.6.2 Citrate Utilization Test
3.6.3 Oxidase test
3.6.4 Coagulase test
3.7 Identification of endophytic fungi
3.8 Tested Organisms
3.8. Examination of Antimicrobial Activities
3.8.1 Agar Diffusion Assay
CHAPTER FOUR: Results
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion
5.2 Conclusion
References
